Sparta was elected to lead the
coalition of Greek cities opposing the Persian invasion in 480 BC not only on
land but also at sea. Compared to Athens and Corinth, Sparta’s navy was small,
but Sparta’s naval tradition was considerably longer than numbers suggest, and
Sparta’s perioikoi marines may have enjoyed a strong reputation for competence
since they often fought alongside the Spartans.
Fighting as a marine, however, was a
very different skill from fighting in a phalax on land. In the following
excerpt from “A Peerless Peer” I describe a completely fictional naval
engagement in which Leonidas commands a mixed Spartiate and perioikoi force
that is providing marines for a Corinthian fleet bringing grain from the Black Sea.
The point of the episode is to remind readers of Corinth’s dependence on
imported food, to highlight the fierce fight for the Aegean Sea during the
Ionian revolt, and give the reader insight into what such naval actions might
look like.
Specifically in this scene, Leonidas
and his marines are trying to protect six ships that have been damaged in a
storm and are now lashed together like a large float to enable the strong ships
to drag the precious cargoes of the disabled ships to port. They are attacked by
a squadron of Phoenician triremes under Persian command and manned by Persian
marines.
Despite
the unusual circumstances, thanks to a lifetime of keeping contact with their
rank-mates and endless drill in adjusting their own movements to those of the
men left and right, the Spartiates crossed onto the other ship in a line
without serious gaps. That proved to be enough. When the Persian archers
realized that the wall of bronze was moving toward them, they broke and ran.
Only the fastest made it. Anyone who slipped and fell on the bloody deck or
tripped over rigging and scattered weapons was stabbed mercilessly by the
“lizard stickers” of the Spartan spears.
When
the line of bronze shields and scarlet cloaks appeared along the side of the
ship, the Phoenician captain shouted furiously and the trireme backwatered
wildly, pulling itself free of its victim. As it withdrew, the Corinthian
merchantman settled into the water and started to list noticeably. Leonidas
turned and led his men up the incline, to get back to the fight that was taking
place at the far side of the float.
By
the time they were back aboard the “Golden Dawn,” the enemy was pouring over the
railing on the far side. There were bodies strewn across the deck of the far
ship—Greek bodies for the most part. Arrows were pouring down on them again. It
flashed through Leonidas’ mind that he might die right here, along with every
Lacedaemonian under his command. He could clearly expect no help from the two
Corinthian triremes, which were both fully engaged. The sailors were proving
surprisingly poor soldiers—something he hadn’t expected, since they were
defending their own ships and lives and had nowhere to escape. But there was no
point thinking about it.
He
called a halt to dress their lines. They were two men short—the man with the
eye wound and someone else. No time to identify the casualties. At least they
were on a level deck now and they could advance across it at a steady pace,
drawing on their discipline and training.
The
second Phoenician hadn’t rammed, but had come alongside. The enemy troops
poured over the gunnel along the whole length of the ship. Fortunately, they
were the same poorly armed and unarmored men, and were just as undisciplined as
their countrymen. Oddly, there seemed to be more of them, and the hindmost men
were stabbing the men ahead of them in their backs! They were Greek marines!
At
last Leonidas’ brain registered that there was another ship beyond the
Phoenician trireme—the Corinthian freighter “Orcelle”!
The
fool! But at the same moment, Leonidas felt such a rush of gratitude for the
crippled Corinthian [captain commanding her] that it was as if he’d just been
reinforced by the Guard. He increased the pace. Step and thrust, step and
thrust. The enemy was going down before them with very little chance of
defending themselves. The trick was to ignore the arrows, Leonidas decided.
Raising his spear arm for the thrust, the man beside Leonidas took an arrow in
the armpit and crumpled to the deck with a croaked-off wail. The man behind
closed the rank with Leonidas without missing a beat. Step and thrust. They had
cleared the deck of the “Golden Dawn.”
Ahead
was a confused melee of sailors and an exceptionally large number of marines
from the “Orcelle,” mixed with enemy archers and enemy marines. The sun broke
over the horizon, and for the first time Leonidas could see that the Persians
wore clothes of yellow and purple in bizarre stripes and chains of diamonds. It
was the gaudiest sight he had ever seen in his life—all liberally splashed with
red. And just beyond, the sun glistened blissfully on a calm and enchanting
seascape.
By
the time Leonidas made it aboard the Phoenician trireme, he realized that the
Greek sailors had gained full possession of her after slaughtering the
Phoenician crew. They cheered him and his marines as they crossed the trireme,
heading for the “Orcelle.” Lychos was hanging over the side of his ship, clutching
the rail. He was dressed in full panoply, and Leonidas knew that it must have
half killed him just to put it on.
Leonidas
shoved his helmet back and grinned up at the Corinthian from the deck of the
captive trireme. “You stupid fool!”
“It
worked, didn’t it?” Lychos grinned back at him. “I think the Phoenician captain
died of pure astonishment when he realized a freighter was attacking him!”
“I
sympathize!”
“It
helped that my marines are first-class archers and sent him to Hades with an
arrow in his throat.”
Leonidas
threw back his head and laughed, then thought to ask, “Just how many marines do
you have on board?”
“A
lot. My father still won’t let me go anywhere without all the protection he can
buy.”
“He’ll
wring the marine captain’s neck when he finds out what you did!”
“But
it was so beautiful, Leonidas! It was the most beautiful moment of my whole
life—coming to your rescue.”
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Very entertaining, Professor. A good read.
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